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Introduction

Cambodia, a Southeast Asian nation with a diverse and vibrant culture, has a history that spans thousands of years. Known for its iconic temples, lush landscapes, and hospitable people, Cambodia is a fascinating destination that offers a glimpse into the past while embracing modernity. In this article, we will explore Cambodia's geography, history, culture, and economy. Let's begin our journey!

Geography

Physical features

Cambodia is located in Southeast Asia, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, and Vietnam to the east. The country has a total land area of 181,035 square kilometers and a coastline of 443 kilometers along the Gulf of Thailand. Its topography is characterized by low-lying central plains, which are surrounded by uplands and low mountains. The mighty Mekong River, one of the world's longest and most important rivers, flows through Cambodia, providing essential water resources for agriculture and contributing to the country's rich biodiversity.

Climate

Cambodia experiences a tropical monsoon climate with two distinct seasons: the rainy season from May to October and the dry season from November to April. The average temperature ranges from 21°C (69.8°F) to 35°C (95°F), with the hottest months typically occurring in March and April.

History

Ancient Cambodia

Cambodia's history dates back to the ancient kingdom of Funan, which existed from the 1st to the 6th century CE. The Khmer Empire, one of the most powerful empires in Southeast Asia, succeeded Funan and ruled the region between the 9th and 15th centuries. The Empire's capital, Angkor, is home to the world-renowned Angkor Wat temple complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of Cambodia's rich cultural heritage.

French colonization

In the mid-19th century, Cambodia became a French protectorate, marking the beginning of nearly a century of French rule. During this period, the French influenced various aspects of Cambodian society, including its education system, infrastructure, and administration.

Independence and civil war

Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953 under the leadership of King Norodom Sihanouk. However, the country soon faced a period of turmoil, as the communist Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, seized power in 1975. The Khmer Rouge's brutal regime, which lasted until 1979, resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1.7 million Cambodians due to execution, starvation, and disease.

Modern Cambodia

Since the fall of the Khmer Rouge, Cambodia has made significant strides in rebuilding its economy and society. The country adopted a new constitution in 1993, establishing a multi-party democracy and a constitutional monarchy.

Culture

Religion

Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion in Cambodia, practiced by approximately 95% of the population. The country's Buddhist traditions are deeply rooted in its history, with many temples and religious monuments serving as important cultural landmarks.

Language

The official language of Cambodia is Khmer, spoken by the majority of the population. Khmer is an Austroasiatic language with its own unique script, derived from the ancient Brahmi script of India. English and French are also widely spoken, particularly in urban areas and tourist destinations.

Art and architecture

Cambodian art and architecture are heavily influenced by the country's rich history, with the Khmer Empire playing a significant role in shaping its artistic legacy. Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world, is a prime example of Khmer architectural prowess, showcasing intricate bas-reliefs and elaborate carvings. Traditional Cambodian arts, such as dance, music, and shadow puppetry, continue to thrive in modern times. The Royal Ballet of Cambodia, known for its elegant Apsara dancers, is a testament to the country's enduring artistic traditions.

Traditional clothing

Cambodian traditional clothing is characterized by the use of silk and intricate patterns. The sampot, a long, rectangular piece of cloth worn around the lower body, is the most common garment for both men and women. Traditional attire is often worn during cultural celebrations and ceremonies.

Cuisine

Cambodian cuisine is a delightful blend of flavors and ingredients, with rice being the staple food. Popular dishes include amok (a coconut milk-based curry), kuy teav (noodle soup), and nom banh chok (rice noodles with fish gravy). The use of fresh herbs, such as lemongrass, galangal, and kaffir lime leaves, is characteristic of Cambodian cooking.

Economy

Agriculture

Agriculture is the backbone of Cambodia's economy, accounting for around 25% of its GDP and employing a large portion of the population. The country's fertile plains and abundant water resources make it ideal for rice cultivation, which is the primary agricultural crop. Other important crops include cassava, corn, and rubber.

Tourism

Tourism is a major contributor to Cambodia's economy, with millions of visitors flocking to the country each year to explore its stunning temples, pristine beaches, and vibrant cities. The tourism sector has seen significant growth in recent years, driven by the global appeal of Angkor Wat and Cambodia's rich cultural heritage.

Manufacturing

Cambodia's manufacturing industry has experienced rapid growth in the past two decades, driven by the garment and footwear sectors. The country's low labor costs and preferential trade agreements have attracted numerous foreign investors, leading to an increase in exports and job opportunities.

Challenges and opportunities

Despite its progress, Cambodia still faces numerous economic challenges, including a lack of infrastructure, high poverty rates, and limited access to education and healthcare. However, the country's young population, abundant natural resources, and strategic location present ample opportunities for growth and development in the years to come.

Conclusion

Cambodia is a captivating country with a rich history, diverse culture, and stunning natural beauty. The nation has overcome numerous challenges in its past and continues to make strides towards a brighter future. With its dynamic economy and unique attractions, Cambodia is sure to capture the hearts and imaginations of travelers and investors alike.

FAQs

1. What is Cambodia famous for?
Cambodia is famous for its ancient temples, particularly Angkor Wat, as well as its rich history, diverse culture, and beautiful landscapes.

2. What is the official language of Cambodia?
The official language of Cambodia is Khmer.

3. What is the dominant religion in Cambodia?
Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion in Cambodia, practiced by approximately 95% of the population.

4. What are some popular Cambodian dishes?
Popular Cambodian dishes include amok (a coconut milk-based curry), kuy teav (noodle soup), and nom banh chok (rice noodles with fish gravy).

5. What are the main industries in Cambodia's economy?
The main industries in Cambodia's economy include agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing, particularly the garment and footwear sectors.